NT Health Research and Publications Online

Title
Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito.
Publication Date
2025-10-23
Author(s)
Haba, Yuki
Korlević, Petra
McAlister, Erica
Lawniczak, Mara K N
Schumer, Molly
Rose, Noah H
McBride, Carolyn S
Aardema, Matthew L
Afonso, Maria O
Agramonte, Natasha M
Albright, John
Alho, Ana Margarida
Almeida, Antonio P G
Alout, Haoues
Alten, Bulent
Altinli, Mine
Amara Korba, Raouf
Andreadis, Stefanos S
Anghel, Vincent
Arich, Soukaina
Arsenault-Benoit, Arielle
Atyame, Célestine
Aubry, Fabien
Avila, Frank W
Ayala, Diego
Azrag, Rasha S
Babayan, Lilit
Bear, Allon
Becker, Norbert
Bega, Anna G
Bejarano, Sophia
Ben-Avi, Ira
Benoit, Joshua B
Boubidi, Saïd C
Bradshaw, William E
Bravo-Barriga, Daniel
Bueno-Marí, Rubén
Bušić, Nataša
Čabanová, Viktoria
Cabeje, Brittany
Caputo, Beniamino
Cardo, Maria V
Carpenter, Simon
Carreton, Elena
Chouaïbou, Mouhamadou S
Christian, Michelle
Coetzee, Maureen
Conner, William R
Cornel, Anton
Culverwell, C Lorna
Cupina, Aleksandra I
De Wolf, Katrien
Deblauwe, Isra
Deegan, Brittany
Delacour-Estrella, Sarah
Della Torre, Alessandra
Diaz, Debora
Dool, Serena E
Dos Anjos, Vitor L
Dugassa, Sisay
Ebrahimi, Babak
Eisa, Samar Y M
Elissa, Nohal
Fallatah, Sahar A B
Faraji, Ary
Fedorova, Marina V
Ferrill, Emily
Fonseca, Dina M
Foss, Kimberly A
Foxi, Cipriano
França, Caio M
Fricker, Stephen
Fritz, Megan L
Frontera, Eva
Fuehrer, Hans-Peter
Futami, Kyoko
Ghallab, Enas H S
Girod, Romain
Gordeev, Mikhail I
Greer, David
Gschwind, Martin
Guarido, Milehna M
Guat Ney, Teoh
Gunay, Filiz
Haklay, Eran
Hamad, Alwia A E
Hang, Jun
Hardy, Christopher M
Hartle, Jacob W
Hesson, Jenny C
Higa, Yukiko
Holzapfel, Christina M
Honnen, Ann-Christin
Ionica, Angela M
Jones, Laura
Kadriaj, Përparim
Kamal, Hany A
Kamdem, Colince
Karagodin, Dmitry A
Kasai, Shinji
Kavran, Mihaela
Khater, Emad I M
Kiene, Frederik
Kim, Heung-Chul
Kioulos, Ilias
Klein, Annette
Klemenčić, Marko
Klobučar, Ana
Knutson, Erin
Koenraadt, Constantianus J M
Kothera, Linda
Kreienbühl, Pauline
Labbé, Pierrick
Lachmi, Itay
Lambrechts, Louis
Landeka, Nediljko
Lee, Christopher H
Lessard, Bryan D
Leycegui, Ignacio
Lundström, Jan O
Lustigman, Yoav
MacIntyre, Caitlin
Mackay, Andrew J
Magori, Krisztian
Maia, Carla
Malcolm, Colin A
Marquez, Ralph-Joncyn O
Martins, Dino
Masri, Reem A
McDivitt, Gillian
McMinn, Rebekah J
Medina, Johana
Mellor, Karen S
Mendoza, Jason
Merdić, Enrih
Mesler, Stacey
Mestre, Camille
Miranda, Homer
Miterpáková, Martina
Montarsi, Fabrizio
Moskaev, Anton V
Mu, Tong
Möhlmann, Tim W R
Namias, Alice
Ng'iru, Ivy
Ngangué, Marc F
Novo, Maria T
Orshan, Laor
Oteo, José A
Otsuka, Yasushi
Panarese, Rossella
Paredes-Esquivel, Claudia
Paronyan, Lusine
Peper, Steven T
Petrić, Dušan V
Pilapil, Kervin
Pou-Barreto, Cristina
Puechmaille, Sebastien J
Radespiel, Ute
Rahola, Nil
Raman, Vivek K
Redouane, Hamadouche
Reiskind, Michael H
Reissen, Nadja M
Rice, Benjamin L
Robert, Vincent
Ruiz-Arrondo, Ignacio
Salamat, Ryan
Salamone, Amy
Sarih, M'hammed
Satta, Giuseppe
Sawabe, Kyoko
Schaffner, Francis
Schultz, Karen E
Shaikevich, Elena V
Sharakhov, Igor V
Sharakhova, Maria V
Shatara, Nader
Sibataev, Anuarbek K
Sicard, Mathieu
Smith, Evan
Smith, Ryan C
Smitz, Nathalie
Soriano, Nicolas
Spanoudis, Christos G
Stone, Christopher M
Studentsky, Liora
Sulesco, Tatiana
Tantely, Luciano M
Thao, La K
Tietze, Noor
Tokarz, Ryan E
Tsai, Kun-Hsien
Tsuda, Yoshio
Turić, Nataša
Uhran, Melissa R
Unlu, Isik
Van Bortel, Wim
Vardanyan, Haykuhi
Vavassori, Laura
Velo, Enkelejda
Venter, Marietjie
Vignjević, Goran
Vogels, Chantal B F
Volkava, Tatsiana
Vontas, John
Ward, Heather M
Wasi Ahmad, Nazni
Weill, Mylène
West, Jennifer D
Wheeler, Sarah S
White, Gregory S
Wipf, Nadja C
Wu, Tai-Ping
Yu, Kai-Di
Zimmermann, Elke
Zittra, Carina
Affiliation
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
DeKalb County Board of Health, Decatur, GA, USA.
Shasta Mosquito and Vector Control District, Anderson, CA, USA.
Public Health Unit USP Francisco George, Primary Medical Healthcare Cluster Lisbon North, Largo Professor Arnaldo Sampaio, Lisboa, Portugal.
Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
ASTRE, UMR 117, INRAE-CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, VERG Laboratories, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, Hamburg, Germany.
Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences and of Earth and Universe Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria.
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DIMITRA, Thermi, Greece.
Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
University of Reunion Island, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, University of Reunion Island, Reunion Island, France.
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France.
Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
E7 Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ramla, Israel.
Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
German Mosquito Control Association, Speyer, Germany.
Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Scientific and Educational Center in Chernogolovka, Federal State University of Education, Moscow, Russia.
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Entomology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria.
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Parasitología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Department of Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain.
European Center of Excellence for Vector Control, Laboratorios Lokímica - Rentokil Initial, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
Department of Virus Ecology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, UK.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA.
University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Faculty of Agriculture, Centre of Excellence One Health Vectors and Climate, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Entomology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Entomology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Consolidated Mosquito Abatement District, Parlier, CA, USA.
Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Santa Clara County Vector Control District, San Jose, CA, USA.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Département Faune et Actions de Salubrité, Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Direction de la Santé Publique, Ville de Paris, Paris, France.
Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Сentral Research Institute for Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Northeast Massachusetts Mosquito Control District, Georgetown, MA, USA.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy.
Department of Biology, Southern Nazarene University, Bethany, OK, USA.
STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Medical Entomology, Centre for Disease Control and Environmental Health, NT Health, NT, Australia.
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Parasitología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Department of General Biology and Ecology, Federal State University of Education, Moscow, Russia.
Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arbo and Respiratory Virus Research (CEARV), Department Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute For Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, VERG Laboratories, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Environment, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia.
Placer Mosquito and Vector Control District, Roseville, CA, USA.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology/Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Biologisk Myggkontroll, Nedre Dalälven Utvecklings AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, UK.
Vector Control Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania.
Department of Pest Control Projects, Dallah Company, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Agriculture, Centre of Excellence One Health Vectors and Climate, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
Institute of Zoology and Institute of Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA.
Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Institute of Zoology and Institute of Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Croatian Institute for Public Health of Međimurje County, Čakovec, Croatia.
Department of Epidemiology, Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA, USA.
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Paris, France.
Institute of Public Health of the Istrian County, Pula, Croatia.
Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia.
Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology/Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Biologisk Myggkontroll, Nedre Dalälven Utvecklings AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, USA.
Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
School of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.
Department of Entomology and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Miami, FL, USA.
Antelope Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Lancaster, CA, USA.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.
Laboratorio di Entomologia Sanitaria e Patogeni Trasmessi da Vettori, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy.
Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Scientific and Educational Center in Chernogolovka, Federal State University of Education, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.
CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon.
Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases (CRETAV), San Pedro University Hospital-Center for Biomedical Research from La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
Parasitology and Mediterranean Ecoepidemiology Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, Augustine, FL, USA.
Faculty of Agriculture, Centre of Excellence One Health Vectors and Climate, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Regional Health Observatories, Oran, Algeria.
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Madagascar Health and Environmental Research (MAHERY), Maroantsetra, Madagascar.
MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases (CRETAV), San Pedro University Hospital-Center for Biomedical Research from La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA, USA.
Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy.
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Francis Schaffner Consultancy, Riehen, Switzerland.
National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Mosquito and Vector Management District of Santa Barbara County, Summerland, CA, USA.
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Department of Entomology and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
Department of Entomology and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Laboratory of Cell Differentiation Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Biology, Plant Protection and Quarantine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Department of General Biology and Genomics, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.
County of San Diego, Vector Control Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, Hamburg, Germany.
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Kern Mosquito and Vector Control District, Bakersfield, CA, USA.
Santa Clara County Vector Control District, San Jose, CA, USA.
Department of International and Global Studies, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA.
Department of Public Health, Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control, Miami, FL, USA.
Entomology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Outbreak Research Team, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Vector Control Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania.
Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Arbo and Respiratory Virus Research (CEARV), Department Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Emerging Viral Threats, One Health Vaccines and Surveillance (EVITOH) Division, Infectious Disease and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Laboratory of Parasitology, The State Scientific and Production Amalgamation, The Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Biological Resources, Belarus, Minsk.
Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Institute Molecular Biology Biotechnology Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, Augustine, FL, USA.
Medical Entomology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute For Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS-UM-IRD-EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Placer Mosquito and Vector Control District, Roseville, CA, USA.
Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Division Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
MESH subject
Animals
Culex
Humans
Biological Evolution
London
Cities
West Nile Fever
Middle East
Mosquito Vectors
Adaptation, Physiological
West Nile virus
Type of document
Journal Article
Entity Type
Publication
OrcId
0000-0003-2767-5457
0000-0002-5418-5587
0000-0002-8558-3510
0000-0002-3006-2080
0000-0002-2075-5668
0000-0002-8898-1768
Abstract
Understanding how life is adapting to urban environments represents an important challenge in evolutionary biology. In this work, we investigate a widely cited example of urban adaptation, form , also known as the London Underground mosquito. Population genomic analysis of ~350 contemporary and historical samples counters the popular hypothesis that originated belowground in London <200 years ago. Instead, we show that first adapted to human environments aboveground in the Mediterranean or Middle East over the course of more than 1000 years, possibly in association with ancient agricultural civilizations of the Middle East. Our results highlight the role of early human society in priming taxa for contemporary urban evolution. They also provide insight into whether and how contributes to West Nile virus transmission in modern cities.
Link
Citation
Science . 2025 Oct 23;390(6771):eady4515. doi: 10.1126/science.ady4515. Epub 2025 Oct 23.
ISSN
1095-9203
1095-9203
Pubmed ID
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41129649/?otool=iaurydwlib

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