The current study presents the results of life expectancy, years of life lost (YLL), all-cause and cause specific mortality in the Northern Territory (NT) for the past twenty years from 1999 to 2018. It describes 219 causes of deaths from the NT burden of disease and injury (BOD) study by counting deaths, measuring YLL and life expectancy for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations. Life expectancy, mortality and YLL are important indicators for health outcomes and health need assessments. Life expectancy at birth is widely accepted as a headline indicator of population health, which measures the number of years an average person is expected to live at birth based on current public health and mortality patterns. YLL is the fatal BOD measure for premature deaths using the age at death linked with the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard life expectancies. This study focused on the five-year period from 2014 to 2018 and compares the results with those from the three previous NT BOD studies, conducted since 1999. Underlying cause and nine additional causes of death were used to analyse deaths by disease groups, developed by WHO and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare for BOD studies. This study compares life expectancy, mortality and fatal BOD between NT subpopulations and the total Australian population by key demographic and geographic variables including age, sex, Aboriginal status and NT health region. The results of this study will provide valuable information to inform health policy, service planning, long-term investment and economic development in the NT.