Amoebiasis is an important parasitic cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is known to be endemic in Northern Australia. The Northern Territory (NT) is the only jurisdiction in Australia where
amoebiasis is notifiable. The epidemiology of amoebiasis across Australia is not well described. We undertook this retrospective study to describe the epidemiology of amoebiasis in the NT from
January 2005 to June 2024. Data were obtained from the Northern Territory Notifiable Disease System (NTNDS). Of the 26 cases identified, most were men (21/26, 81%), non-Indigenous
Australians (23/26, 89%) and overseas acquired (18/26, 69%). A majority had extra intestinal manifestations (17/26, 65%), required hospitalisation (14/26, 54%) and made a full recovery (25/26,
96%). Of the 6 locally acquired cases, 4 were from the Top End region. The highest annual incidence (5) was in 2024, all of whom were returned travellers from the Asia-Pacific region. This study
highlights that amoebiasis in the NT is both endemic and overseas acquired, and that clinicians should consider this differential diagnosis in anyone presenting with abdominal pain, fever and/or
diarrhoea and initiate timely testing and appropriate treatment. The true incidence of disease across Australia could be estimated if a national surveillance system were in place for amoebiasis, while
encouraging clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition.