This study presents estimates of the cost of providing primary health care to remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory for a number of common conditions. These conditions are the metabolic syndrome related diseases (hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and renal disease), chronic lung disease, well children under five years of age, and antenatal care. The aim of the project was to inform the development of proposed Medicare items that will improve access for Aboriginal populations in remote areas to mainstream primary health care funding.